Training on Oil and Gas Marine Terminals and Crude Oil Export Logistics

Module 1: Marine Terminal Types and Configurations

• Crude oil export terminals: offshore SPM (single point mooring), CALM buoy, and fixed jetty.

• Refined product jetties and chemical terminals.

• LNG marine terminals: jetty, trestle, and berthing pockets.

• Terminal layout: berths, loading arms, piping, pumps, and storage.

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Design a marine terminal layout for an export facility handling 500,000 bbl/day of crude oil, including berths, loading arms, and storage.

Module 2: Vessel Types and Characteristics

• Crude carriers: VLCC, Suezmax, Aframax, Panamax, and coastal tankers.

• Product tankers, chemical tankers, and LNG carriers.

• Vessel dimensions, draft, and deadweight tonnage (DWT).

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Match vessel types to terminal berth specifications (e.g., maximum draft, beam, and length overall), identifying compatibility.

Module 3: Berth Management and Vessel Scheduling

• Vessel scheduling systems and berth allocation optimization.

• Laytime and demurrage management.

• Port congestion mitigation and tidal/weather restrictions.

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Schedule 10 vessels for a single-berth terminal over 7 days, minimizing waiting time and demurrage costs.

Module 4: Mooring and Berthing Operations

• Mooring systems: mooring lines, winches, and quick-release hooks.

• Tugboat assistance for berthing and unberthing.

• Berthing velocity, fendering, and breasting dolphins.

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Plan a berthing operation for a VLCC at an offshore SPM, including tug assignment, mooring line configuration, and safety checks.

Module 5: Cargo Transfer Systems and Loading Arms

• Loading arms: hydraulic, manual, and swivel joints (chiksan).

• Pipeline transfer rates, backpressure, and surge protection.

• Vapor return systems and emissions control.

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Design a cargo transfer plan for a crude oil tanker, including loading arm connection, transfer rate, vapor return, and topping off.

Module 6: Custody Transfer Measurement and Sampling

• Metering systems for marine terminals: ultrasonic and turbine meters.

• Proving meters and meter factor determination.

• Automatic sampling systems and cargo quality certification.

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Calculate the custody transfer quantity for a crude oil cargo using meter factors, temperature correction, and water cut analysis.

Module 7: Marine Safety and Emergency Response

• Pre-arrival safety briefing and ship-shore safety checklist (ISGOTT).

• Emergency shutdown systems (ESD), firefighting, and spill response.

• Man overboard, medevac, and oil spill containment at berth.

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Simulate an emergency response to a loading arm leak during transfer, including ESD activation, spill containment, and notification procedures.

Module 8: LNG Marine Terminal Operations

• LNG carrier characteristics and compatibility.

• LNG transfer: loading arms with double swivel joints, dry disconnect couplings.

• Vapor return and boil-off gas management during transfer.

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Plan an LNG cargo transfer at a regasification terminal, including pre-transfer checks, loading arm connection, and commissioning.

Module 9: Marine Terminal Maintenance and Inspection

• Mooring hardware inspection and replacement.

• Loading arm maintenance, hydraulic system testing, and leak testing.

• Dredging and berth pocket surveys.

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Develop a maintenance inspection plan for a marine terminal, including frequency, critical components, and safety protocols.

Module 10: Regulatory Compliance and Environmental Management

• ISPS Code (maritime security) for terminals.

• MARPOL compliance: oily water separators, ballast water management, and waste reception.

• Environmental monitoring: water quality, noise, and emissions.

• Case Study/Hands-on Exercise: Conduct a regulatory compliance audit for a marine terminal against ISPS and MARPOL requirements, identifying gaps and corrective actions.